By Fahad Marzook, Hazard Analyst (Meteorology), KSDMA, India

As an atmospheric scientist working with the State Disaster Management Authority (SDMA) in Kerala since 2018, I have witnessed firsthand the escalating threat of heatwaves in our region. While my initial focus was on translating weather forecasts into hazard warnings, the increasing frequency and intensity of heatwaves led to my current role overseeing the state’s heat action plan. This firsthand experience has given me a unique perspective on the multifaceted impacts of heatwaves on Kerala, a state known for its tropical climate and lush greenery.

The most pressing concern regarding heatwaves is their impact on public health. Heatstroke, a life-threatening condition caused by prolonged exposure to high temperatures, poses a severe risk, particularly to vulnerable populations such as agricultural labourers, outdoor workers, and our elders. The increasing number of heatstroke cases and heat-related deaths in recent years is alarming. While our organisation focuses on disaster management, the escalating health risks associated with heatwaves necessitate a collaborative approach involving healthcare professionals, community workers, and policymakers.

Beyond public health, heatwaves have cascading effects on various sectors of Kerala’s economy. Agriculture, a significant contributor to our state’s GDP, is particularly vulnerable. Reduced crop yields, livestock stress, and decreased labour productivity due to heat stress directly impact livelihoods and food security. Similarly, the tourism sector, a significant source of revenue for Kerala, suffers as extreme heat deters visitors and affects the overall tourism experience.

The increasing frequency and intensity of heatwaves we are experiencing in Kerala are linked to the broader issue of climate change. While our organisation primarily focuses on disaster management, addressing the root causes of climate change through mitigation and adaptation strategies is crucial. Recognising the growing threat of heatwaves, the KSDMA has developed a comprehensive heat action plan. This plan outlines strategies for early warning systems, public awareness campaigns, capacity building for healthcare professionals, and inter-agency coordination during heatwave events.

Kerala’s proactive approach to heatwave management offers valuable lessons for other states facing similar challenges. Our emphasis on community-level preparedness, inter-agency coordination, and integrating heatwave preparedness into existing healthcare infrastructure can serve as a model. Furthermore, our focus on translating scientific data into actionable plans and public awareness campaigns is crucial for effective heatwave mitigation. By sharing our experiences and best practices, we can collectively work towards building a more heat-resilient India.

There is a growing call to recognise heatwaves as a national disaster in India. Kerala, for example, has treated them as state-specific disasters since 2019, but this limits resources for crucial mitigation efforts. Currently, only 10% of the State Disaster Mitigation Fund can be used for all state-specific disasters, including heatwaves, leaving inadequate funding to address the increasing occurrences of heatstroke and sunburn. Classifying heatwaves as a national disaster would unlock greater resources and signify a unified national response to this escalating health crisis impacting states across India.

In conclusion, heatwaves are a growing threat to Kerala, impacting public health, the economy, and the environment. While our organisation is actively involved in managing the immediate impacts of heatwaves, addressing the root causes of climate change and implementing sustainable adaptation strategies is paramount. Through collaborative efforts, informed policy decisions, and community engagement, we can strive to build a more resilient Kerala equipped to face the challenges of a warming world.

Disclaimer: The views expressed in this piece are those of the author/s and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of AIDMI.